Recent Advances in Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Their Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The utilization of plant extracts for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a prominent method due to its environmentally friendly and cost-effective nature, garnering substantial attention in scientific research. This review article provides an in-depth exploration of the synthesis process, focusing on critical parameters such as temperature, pH level, and reaction duration, which exert significant influence on the size, morphology, and stability of the resultant AgNPs. By leveraging the inherent reducing and stabilizing properties of diverse biomolecules present in plant extracts, researchers can finely adjust the synthesis conditions to yield AgNPs tailored to specific requirements. The biomedical applications of these AgNPs are extensive, encompassing a wide range of functions from serving as antimicrobial agents in wound care and coatings to functioning as versatile drug delivery platforms and diagnostic aids. The pronounced antimicrobial activity of AgNPs renders them particularly valuable in combatting infections and facilitating wound healing processes. Moreover, their biocompatibility and minimal cytotoxicity profile hold promise for diverse therapeutic applications, including but not limited to cancer therapy and tissue engineering. In essence, the green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts represents a sustainable and promising avenue with far-reaching implications in the realms of biomedical research and healthcare.