Characterizations of Polymers Doped with Oxides Metals Nanoparticles and Their Applications: A Review

Abstract

Polymer materials are of significant interest due to their diverse applications (low density, strong mechanics, cost-effective, and intricate shaping). Their potential is further enhanced by doping, which allows control over optical and electrical properties by manipulating the dopant type, concentration, and interaction with polymer chains. Similarly, incorporating oxides and metal nanoparticles modifies physical characteristics of polymers. The surface characteristics and properties of the filler significantly influence the final thermal, mechanical, optical, magnetic, or conductive properties of the nanocomposites. This is particularly relevant for energy and environmental applications where high thermomechanical properties, rheology, and heat stability are crucial. The creation of novel composites with synergistic or complementary behaviors between polymers and inorganic materials is anticipated due to the distinct electrical and optical properties of nanoscale inorganic fillers compared to their bulk counterparts. Research on metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO₂, SnO₂) and their application in PANI-based nanocomposites for gas detection exemplifies this approach. Combining organic and inorganic materials unlocks exciting possibilities, paving the way for new applications like biosensors, gas sensors, conductive paints, drug delivery, and rechargeable batteries. Blending polymers with various inorganic nanoparticles further expands the possibilities for creating diverse nanostructures.